News
If you love stargazing, there's a date you need to mark on your calendar. It's June.
That's right, the whole month!
Throughout the month of June 2015, the two brightest planets in the night sky, Venus and Jupiter, are going to converge for a jaw-dropping close encounter. You don’t want to miss any of the action.
When the sun goes down, step outside and look west. You don't have to wait until the sky fades to black.
Venus and Jupiter are so bright, you can see then shining through the twilight. In fact, some people say the planets are especially beautiful when they are surrounded by the cobalt hue of the early evening sky – so don't wait.
During the first two weeks of June, Venus and Jupiter converge until they are only about 10 degrees apart.
For reference, this means they would just fit together inside the bowl of the Big Dipper. You could hide them both, simultaneously, behind the palm of your outstretched hand.
This is pretty close, but by the end of the month this distance will shrink by a factor of 30.
In fact, every night in June, the separation between Venus and Jupiter will visibly shrink.
On June 18, Venus and Jupiter will be only 6 degrees apart. Now you can hide the two behind just two or three of your fingers with your arm outstretched.
On June 19, something exciting happens: the crescent Moon joins the show. On that evening, the Moon, Venus and Jupiter will form a bright isosceles triangle in the sunset sky.
Isosceles means that two sides of the triangle are the same length. This is how most sky watchers in North America will see it.
One night later, on June 20, the vertices rearrange themselves, forming yet another isosceles triangle. Never has a geometry lesson been so beautiful.
The nights of June 19 and 20, by the way, are good nights to look through a telescope. Even a small telescope will show you the fat crescent phase of Venus, the cloudtops and largest moons of Jupiter, and the rugged terrain of Earth's own Moon. Swing your optics around the triangle for a fast-paced heavenly show.
The main event occurs on June 30. On that night, Venus and Jupiter will be a jaw-dropping one-third of a degree apart. That's less than the diameter of a full Moon. You'll be able to hide the pair not just behind the palm of your outstretched hand, but behind your little pinky finger.
Wow. Here's hoping you spend a lot of time under the stars and planets in June.
Dr. Tony Phillips works for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – Lake County's two representatives in the state Legislature are moving closer to their goal of getting much-needed funds to go toward restoring Clear Lake, but the funds must now survive final budget votes.
Assemblyman Bill Dodd (D-Napa) and Sen. Mike McGuire (D-Healdsburg) announced Thursday that the state legislature’s Budget Conference Committee included $1 million for Clear Lake in the approved state budget for 2015-16.
Dodd and McGuire have been collaborating since early this year to secure greater investment in environmental protection and restoration of Clear Lake.
In a joint Thursday statement, they said that the funding's approval by the Budget Conference Committee – a joint Assembly and Senate committee – showed that the legislature recognizes the importance of investing in the protection and restoration of Clear Lake.
They said they are now calling on Gov. Jerry Brown to join the Legislature in supporting Clear Lake, which they called “an amazing state resource.”
Dodd, speaking to the Middletown Area Town Hall in April, told community members that he is trying to build “a sense of responsibility for this lake” that extends beyond Lake County's borders, since the issues the lake has need more resources than the county can provide on its own.
Clear Lake as a recreational destination is key to the county's economy. In addition to boating and fishing – it's one of the top bass fishing destinations in the nation – it's also a magnet for birders, kayakers and tourists drawn by its ecological diversity.
If approved by the governor, the $1 million will be used to provide wetland restoration, water quality improvement and to manage invasive species, and also could be leveraged with partners to secure additional state and federal grants in order to address the environmental problems that have arisen in the lake over time.
“Clear Lake is truly the jewel of Lake County and both Assemblymember Dodd and I are committed to securing the resources needed to ensure the Lake, and our local economy, thrives in the years to come. We’re thrilled by the agreement to invest $1 million in Clear Lake, however we realize it’s only the first step. We’ll be working overtime at the state level to ensure the funding is approved by the Legislature and signed by the governor,” McGuire said.
“Clear Lake is a unique state treasure and a cornerstone of Lake County’s economy,” said Dodd. “The environmental quality of the lake has been overlooked for too long. I am glad we’ve elevated this issue and started the long process to provide the support needed to ensure a vibrant lake for generations to come.”
Despite the forward momentum, Dodd's spokesman, Ezrah Chaaban, cautioned that right now the funding is “in a precarious place.”
That's because negotiations between the governor and legislative leaders are still under way, he said.
The 2015-16 state budget is set to move forward to the Senate and Assembly for final approval before the June 15 deadline. Chaaban said the vote could come on Monday.
Even after the vote, Chaaban said there will be more trailer bills that result from negotiations.
If approved, the final budget would head to the governor’s desk for his signature before the final budget is approved by June 30.
Chaaban said that, right down to the wire, there is the possibility of challenges.
He said a representative of the state Department of Finance spoke to the Budget Conference Committee and questioned the funds being allocated for Lake County.
That could play into the governor's final actions. In California, Chaaban explained, the governor can line-item veto – or “blue pencil” – items right up to the point of signing the final budget.
Due to the importance of the funds to the county, officials are encouraging community members who would like to ask the governor to support the funding to call his office at 916-445-2841 or send a message through his Web site, https://govnews.ca.gov/gov39mail/mail.php .
Email Elizabeth Larson at
LAKEPORT, Calif. – The Lake County Planning Commission on Thursday gave its approval to an above-ground pipeline project proposed by Geysers Power Co. after the company and Middletown Rancheria representatives reached an agreement on protecting cultural resources at the site.
Assistant county planner Mark Roberts told the commission that Geysers Power Co. – also referred to as Calpine during the meeting – is proposing to construct the new 2,626-foot steam pipeline between its West Ford Flat and Calistoga steamfields.
The 30-inch diameter insulated steel steam pipe will follow an existing trail and require about 24 acres of minor grading – just scraping to remove grass and shrubs.
There will be some excavation for the placement of 100 pipeline footings, which will be drilled in about 10 feet deep like utility poles, according to staff and company comments at the meeting.
Bruce Carlsen of Calpine said the pipeline is meant to increase the efficiency of operations at The Geysers.
“The Geysers was essentially overbuilt,” he said, explaining that the facility peaked out at 2,000 megawatts and has since been reduced to 800 megawatts. The Bear Canyon plant recently was placed on standby.
Carlsen said they have been cross-tying pipelines to maximize the resources. Three facilities don't yet have cross-ties, including the West Ford Flat and Calistoga plants. The pipeline will allow steam to go back and forth between the plants in the event one of them goes offline for maintenance. He said that would minimize the time for well bleeds in the steamfield.
Construction on the project – which Carlsen estimated to be between $2 million and $3 million – should take three to four months. He said they were aiming to begin in July but haven't yet awarded the construction contract.
Carlsen said the project will reduce hydrogen sulfide emissions in the air, its noise will cause no significant impact and a review of cultural resources that was completed identified a possible nearby mining camp which was roped off, with the company's archaeologist not suggesting additional monitoring.
He said biological and water studies have shown that the project will have no significant impact.
Disagreements over a condition
Katherine Philippakis, an attorney representing the applicant, raised concerns about a county-imposed condition that Geysers Power enter into an agreement for cultural resource monitoring with Middletown Rancheria, noting that a survey found no areas of concern at the project location.
Commissioner Gladys Rosehill asked Philippakis how the company has worked with tribes in the past. Philippakis said they've been invited to a discussion and to visit sites. She said they have never had the tribe act as the archaeological resources consultant on a project.
Phillipakis emphasized there was going to be very minimal grading, and that tribal members could be there to observe the digging of the holes for the footings.
However, she said the company didn't want to be required to hire someone and then not have the project move forward. “That kind of holds us hostage to an agreement that isn't yet in place.”
During public comment, Pamela Reyes Gutierrez of the Middletown Rancheria said the tribe recently formalized its tribal historic preservation department to protect the area both on the 108-acre rancheria and within ancestral lands, which is the area encompassed by the Lake Miwok dialect.
She said they were not trying to stop projects but rather to mitigate tribal concerns.
Gutierrez requested that Geysers Power engage in an agreement with the tribe to address concerns about resources and remains revealed by ground disturbance activities. “We have requested a cultural survey and a site visit.”
On Wednesday, the tribe received Philippakis' letter opposing the monitoring agreement requirement. “Our perception of receiving a legal counsel document a day prior to a hearing, to us, is not good business,” said Gutierrez, who asked for the hearing to be continued.
Carlos Negrete, a representative of the Middletown Rancheria Tribal Council, told the commission, “We wouldn't hold anyone hostage to any part of the agreement,” adding that they wanted more time to respond to the letter.
Commission Chair Joe Sullivan asked what the tribe was seeking. Gutierrez said they want a monitor there whenever there is ground disturbance taking place.
She said the tribal monitors – who work alongside archaeologists – have specialty knowledge about the materials that are culturally sensitive.
Gutierrez said the tribe is working with Caltrans on a project on Highway 29, where monitors are on scene any time there is ground disturbance. If remains were to be found, the project would immediately stop.
“Ultimately, we're not looking to stop any type of work, we're just looking to preserve any type of tribal artifacts that may come about,” she said.
Joan Clay of Anderson Springs said that community supports the project. She also urged the commission to take the tribe's concerns very seriously, which she said her community also would support.
Changing practices
Philippakis said she appreciated that the tribe had come to the meeting to make its position clear. She said Calpine valued its relationship with the rancheria. “There was no intent on our part to be bad neighbors.”
She said Calpine has no objection to the tribe sending a monitor at its cost during construction. What was really at issue is that the proposed agreement with the tribe would require reimbursement to the tribe of between $75 and $100 per hour during the construction.
Philippakis said they felt it was unusual for the county government to require the applicant to hire another specific agency. “Our project would be held up if we were not able to agree to the terms,” she said.
Stephanie Reyes, Middletown Rancheria's tribal historic preservation officer, told the commission that they are working collaboratively with archaeologists about what is important to the tribe and what is culturally sensitive so they can preserve those items for their people.
The monitors are full-time employees elsewhere, and when they are asked to come to a site they have to take time off from their jobs. That's why they're compensated, said Reyes. Monitoring also provides revenue for her department.
Reyes said this is going to be a practice that's pushed further when changes go into effect in the California Environmental Quality Act, or CEQA.
“Obviously we understand it's a change,” she said, noting that it's something people are not used to dealing with in this community.
“But now with the way things are moving forward, it's a change that will be coming and we'd like to be proactive in that change. We're not here to stop the projects, we're here to preserve what we have left of our history that can be found,” said Reyes.
She said they know there are historic sites near that location, and in 1979 a site in that area was placed on the National Register. But she said they don't know if those sites have been considered. After the letter from Philippakis came through on Wednesday night, they began researching it, with the tribal elders instructing them to look closely at the situation.
Rosehill asked about options the tribe has if a project manager wouldn't work with them. Reyes said under CEQA the tribe could argue that additional studies need to be made.
The area where the project is located is a point the Lake Miwok crossed when they traveled, said Reyes. A hunting campsite also is in the area.
Reyes said that without having the tribe on site, “That's how we're losing parts of our history.”
Coel told the commission that there was a legal question about whether the county had the legal authority to require the company to enter the agreement with the tribe. He said it was a “very difficult and concerning issue for all of us.”
Deputy County Counsel Shanda Harry said there were no state or federal requirements for such agreements.
Such provisions have been included in past permits because they had been agreed to by the applicant beforehand, which is different than requiring them when the applicant isn't willing to follow the provision, said Harry.
In offering middle ground, Coel suggested an “accidental discovery agreement” in order to respond in the case that something is unearthed during the project. In such cases, the tribe could be notified and a monitor could come to the site to work alongside with the archaeologist.
Such an agreement also would deal with how to deal with archaeological items if they're found – whether they are put back in the ground or collected.
Carlsen said they would be interested in such an agreement, and told the commission that the condition for the monitoring agreement had caught them off guard.
Coel said the provision had been included by staff based on comments the county had received from the tribe. “It wasn't intended to be an ambush.”
“That explains quite a bit,” said Commissioner Bob Malley.
Malley said he wanted assurance that there would be more discussion between Calpine and the tribe. He was concerned that Calpine was worried about spending between $10,000 and $20,000 on monitoring on a project valued between $2 million and $3 million.
“I share the same concerns,” said Sullivan, who also encouraged discussions take place immediately.
The commission took a brief break while Coel met with representatives of the tribe and the company to work out language about the accidental discovery plan, with the language stating that the applicant is “strongly encouraged” to negotiate and execute a cultural resources agreement with the Middletown Rancheria prior to construction.
The commission then approved the project's proposed mitigated negative declaration, granted minor modifications to mitigation measures, and approved the mitigation and monitoring plan 4-0, with Commissioner Don Deuchar absent.
Also on Tuesday, the commission approved a mitigated negative declaration for a parcel map requested by Wayne Ahlstrom in order to subdivide a 4.3-acre lot at 1235 Mountview Drive, Lakeport, that has been used for modular home sales, and heard a staff presentation on the county's zoning ordinance.
The planned discussion and consideration of the final environmental impact report for the Valley Oaks development near Hidden Valley Lake was continued at the request of Coel, who said putting together information for the commission had taken longer than anticipated. The matter was rescheduled for 9:05 a.m. Thursday, June 25.
Email Elizabeth Larson at
LAKEPORT, Calif. – The third annual Spring Fair is set to open for a busy weekend of fun.
The fair will be here Friday, June 12, through Sunday, June 14.
Gates open at 2 p.m. all three days.
Admission is $5 per person for ages 6 and older. Children under 6 enter for free.
Carnival unlimited ride wristbands will be $25 each at the fair. Parking is $5 per car.
One of the highlights of this year's spring fairs is the Homeownership Expo, put on by the Lake County Association of Realtors, or LCAOR.
The expo will be held at Fritch Hall from 2 to 8 p.m. all three days of the fair.
“Anyone who is planning to buy a home, or who currently owns a home, or who is getting ready to sell a home, will find great information at the expo,” said Scott Knickmeyer, executive director of LCAOR.
Knickmeyer said there will be panel discussions on buying land, preparing your home to sell and inspections that are important when you are in escrow.
For more information and the detailed schedule of speakers, go to www.homeownershipexpo.com .
This year's fair also will present a variety of local musical performers and group, including the Mark Weston Band, The Fargo Brothers, David Neft, Travis Rinker and DeezGuize.
At the main grandstands there will be shows for the auto enthusiasts including the open mud bogs on Friday, flat track and motorcycle racing on Saturday, and invitation auto races on Sunday. On Saturday there also will be a classic car show.
Visit the fair online at www.lakecountyfair.com .
The full schedule follows.
LAKE COUNTY SPRING FAIR SCHEDULE
FRIDAY, JUNE 12
Special attractions
– Buildings open from 2 to 10 p.m.
– Homeownership Expo in Fritch Hail
– Commercial displays in Lewis Hall
– Fill up the Clown is on the grounds
– Music on two stages
– Carnival open from 2 to 11 p.m.
Daily schedule
2 p.m.: Mark Weston Band, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
2:30 p.m.: The Fargo Brothers, Lake County News Stage
3 p.m.: Leslie Appleton-Young, Homeownership Expo speaker, “Why Homeownership Makes Sense, Opportunities in Lake County,” Fritch Hall
4 p.m.: Mark Weston Band, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
4:30 p.m.: The Fargo Brothers, Lake County News Stage
6 p.m.: Mark Weston Band, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
6:30 p.m.: The Fargo Brothers, Lake County News Stage
7:30 p.m.: Open mud bogs, main grandstands
8 p.m.: Mark Weston Band, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
8:30 p.m.: The Fargo Brothers, Lake County News Stage
10 p.m.: Buildings close
11 p.m.: Fair closes
SATURDAY, JUNE 13
Special attractions
– Buildings open from 2 to 10 p.m.
– Classic Car Show, 2 to 6 p.m.
– Homeownership Expo in Fritch Hail
– Commercial displays in Lewis Hall
– Fill up the Clown is on the grounds
– Music on two stages
– Carnival open from 2 to 11 p.m.
Daily schedule
2:30 p.m.: Hip Replacements, Lake County News Stage
2:30-3 p.m.: Fourth District Assemblyman Bill Dodd, Homeownership Expo, Fritch Hall
4 p.m.: David Neft, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
4:30 p.m.: Hip Replacements, Lake County News Stage
6 p.m.: David Neft, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
6 p.m.: Car show awards, Lake County News Stage
6:30 p.m.: Beatz Werkin', Lake County News Stage
7:30 p.m.: Flat Track/Motorcycle/TT racing, main grandstands
8 p.m.: InVoice, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
8:30 p.m.: Beatz Werkin', Lake County News Stage
10 p.m.: Buildings close
11 p.m.: Fair closes
SUNDAY, JUNE 14
Special attractions
– Buildings open from 2 to 10 p.m.
– Auto races
– Homeownership Expo in Fritch Hail
– Commercial displays in Lewis Hall
– Fill up the Clown is on the grounds
– Carnival open from 2 to 11 p.m.
Daily schedule
2:15-2:45 p.m.: District 4 Lake County Supervisor Anthony Farrington, Homeownership Expo speaker, Fritch Hall
2:30 p.m.: DeezGuize, Lake County News Stage
3-3:40 p.m.: Congressman Mike Thompson, Home Ownership Expo speaker, Fritch Hall
4:30 p.m.: Groovy Judy, Lake County News Stage
6 p.m.: Travis Rinker, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
6:30 p.m.: Groovy Judy, Lake County News Stage
7:30 p.m.: Invitational Auto Races, main grandstands
8 p.m.: Travis Rinker, Mediacom Gazebo Stage
8:30 p.m.: K-Town, Lake County News Stage
10 p.m.: Buildings close
11 p.m.: Fair closes
LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – A North Coast woman killed in a Tuesday wreck on Highway 20 in Nice has been identified.
The Lake County Sheriff's Office said Maria Socorro Medina, 65, of Redwood Valley, was the victim of the fatal wreck.
Socorro Medina was driving a 2010 Toyota Corolla westbound on Highway 20 east of Floyd Way at about 6:15 a.m. Tuesday when she attempted to pass a white pickup truck by using the center two-way turn lane, according to the California Highway Patrol.
The CHP said the pickup sped up as Socorro Medina attempted to pass, and she lost control of her vehicle, going across the highway, hitting an embankment, overturning and then crashing into a tree. She died at the scene.
The CHP is continuing to investigate the wreck, and in particular is seeking anyone who saw the crash and can help identify the white pickup and its driver.
CHP Officer Kory Reynolds said Thursday that, so far, they have received no leads regarding the pickup, which he called a “vehicle of interest” in the incident.
He said the CHP is going to conduct an inspection of Socorro Medina's Toyota.
“We'll be able to tell by damage if anything contacted it,” he said.
If anyone has any information on the wreck they are asked to contact the CHP's Clear Lake Area office at 707-279-0103.
Email Elizabeth Larson at
UPPER LAKE, Calif. – A week after the Upper Lake Union Elementary School District Board voted unanimously to unify with the Upper Lake Union High School District, the high school's board also gave its support to the plan.
The decision came during the board's Wednesday night meeting before an audience of about 10 community members, parents and elementary school board members Joanne Breton and Ron Raetz, elementary Principal/Superintendent Valerie Gardner and Lake County Superintendent of Schools Brock Falkenberg.
The two boards held a joint meeting last summer to explore unifying, which led to several joint meetings that ran from January through May to consider criteria that the state requires be explored in such circumstances.
While the process has seemed to move quickly over the past year, board members and school officials said that it had actually been years – decades, really – in the making, but had finally come to fruition with two boards and two superintendents aligned in the desire to join their resources for the benefit of students.
The unification discussion ahead of the vote begins at the 1:00:52 mark in the video above.
Among the parents who came to the Wednesday night meeting, support for unifying the districts also was unanimous.
Parent Sara Sanchez – who has made it a point to attend the joint board meetings, as well as the elementary board meeting last week – was on hand to urge the high school board to approve the unification resolution.
“We just all feel really strongly that this is what our schools need right now,” she said. “There's so much that can come out of it.”
She suggested it would strengthen programs and allow greater collaboration. “We just need to do what's best for our schools, for our kids, for our community.”
Board member Claudine Pedroncelli said in response to Sanchez's comments that the process of going through the steps to unify has brought forth parental involvement, which she said is very necessary.
Pedroncelli said she saw both newer parents and older parents coming forward to express frustrations, concerns and opinions. “This is something that really needs to happen on a regular basis.”
Another parent, Melanie Sneathen, said she believed unifying the districts would bring parents together, too.
“Even if we don't know what the what ifs are, we need to try it,” she said. “It couldn't be worse.”
Through the rest of this year, the Lake County Office of Education will be involved in the process, as it hosts public hearings and prepares information to present to the State Board of Education.
In addition, Falkenberg will be in charge of appointing by December a new board to represent the newly unified district. That board will then work with the existing elementary and high school boards until the unification officially takes place on July 1, 2016.
In going over the unification resolution, Upper Lake High Principal/Superintendent Pat Iaccino explained that county Registrar of Voters Diane Fridley had suggested that the third board should be in service for 18 months – not six – after its appointment, which will keep the district in its current odd-year election cycle.
Iaccino said that means that in 2017, there will be a board election with five open seats. The top three vote getters will have four-year terms, with the fourth- and fifth-ranked candidates winning two-year terms, which will institute the stagger to prevent all seats being up for election at once going forward.
Board member Valerie Duncan – also a teacher in the elementary district – said that she pushed for unification when she ran for the board.
“I'm glad we're here,” she said, adding that she was sorry it took so long.
“It's been a long road. It's been a very long road,” said Pedroncelli. “We never know how change will come about, but I think this is really long overdue.”
Now, she said they needed to get back to the issue at hand – educating young people.
“We've been trying to do this forever,” said Raetz from the audience, adding that the real miracle is that they had two superintendents who wanted to do it, with the boards willing to work with those administrators.
Board President Keith Austin talked about having the patience to let things happen at the right time. “I see perfect timing,” both in the boards and the superintendents, he said.
Gardner, explaining her board's unanimous vote to unify, told the high school board, “Their focus really is on the students.”
She agreed with Austin about the issue of timing, and said that everyone is focused on the children.
The board then took the unanimous vote to approve the unification resolution, getting a round of applause afterward.
Later in the meeting, during further remarks on the unification issue, Austin asked Iaccino, “What's next?”
Iaccino said that before they left after the meeting he would get all of the board members' signatures on the resolution, which will be forwarded to Falkenberg, who already had the elementary school board's approved resolution.
The Lucerne Elementary School District Board, which also met on Wednesday, was set to accept its own resolution opting out of being included in the unification, which will be sent to Falkenberg, Iaccino said.
The Lake County Board of Education is scheduled to hold hearings on June 24, after which the resolutions along with waivers to bypass the voter election process must be sent to the state, he said.
The goal, said Iaccino, was that the unification would go before the State Board of Education at its November meeting, at which time it would be on the board's consent agenda.
“Once that happens, we've got a lot of work to do,” said Iaccino.
He and Gardner already have started meeting to begin that work – including looking at combining both districts' approaches to facilities, budgeting, transportation, curriculum and instruction, and staff development, as well as negotiations with unions.
Noting that because of her employee status that she no longer will be able to serve on the unified board, Duncan encouraged her colleagues to apply for the new board.
Board member Wanda Quitiquit said she was sensing change in the air.
Duncan said she was excited about the next steps in the unification process, and thanked parents for their involvement.
Board member Rich Swaney recalled having pledged to pursue unification when he was elected.
“Now is where the work starts,” said Austin.
Falkenberg gave the board an overview of the tentative timeline for the Lake County Board of Education – sitting as the Lake County Committee on School District Organization – and its process ahead.
With the two districts having approved their unification resolutions, on June 12 a notice of public hearing will be published, with Falkenberg to review the districts' unification documents from June 11 to 16.
Those documents will then be provided to the county committee on June 17, with written notice to be provided to the Lake Local Area Formation Commission on June 18.
The Committee on School District Organization will then hold two public hearings on June 24 – one at 5 p.m. at Lucerne Elementary School and another at 7 p.m. at Upper Lake High. The county school board will consider approval on Aug. 19 ahead of submitting it to the State Board of Education by Aug. 26.
Pending approval of the waivers by the State Board of Education, on Sept. 15 Falkenberg will announce the posting for the new board applications, with the timeline anticipating the unification to go before the state Nov. 4 and 5.
Falkenberg has tentatively planned for new board member interviews on Nov. 10 and new board appointments on Nov. 18.
Following the adjournment of the meeting, Falkenberg told Lake County News that he anticipates the process for his office to be fairly “minimalistic” because of all the work the Upper Lake school districts have done to this point.
Email Elizabeth Larson at
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