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LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – The fall season was a time of bounty in times past, as it is now.
Lake County's American Indian tribes – the Pomo, Miwok, Patwin, Yuki and Wappo – found and utilized an abundance of foods in the months of September and October.
According to archaeologist Dr. John Parker's informative Web site at http://wolfcreekarcheology.com/Education.html , the Indians here in what is now Lake County were able to harvest wild grape, pine nuts and acorns in the months of September and October.
The transition from the hot summer months brought about the familiar seasonal changes – cooler temperatures and shorter days, which went hand-in-hand with ripening food staples.
Pine nuts were – and still are – a favorite staple. Pine nuts have been an important traditional resource for Indians all throughout the West. Certain pine trees only yield once in three or four years, however.
Pine nuts were favored due to the delicious flavor, high calorie count and for being highly nutritious. Pine nuts are a good source of protein and carbohydrates.
Other sources indicate that a common way to collect pine nuts was to begin gathering the pine cones before they opened and dropped. This could be achieved by using poles to hit the cones down, out of the trees.
Next, a hammer-stone or strong tool could be used to break open the pine cones to collect seeds. It was more labor-intensive to gather the naturally fallen cones and seeds from the ground. Then, there would be more competition with squirrels and other seed-eaters.
After seeds were collected they could then be eaten raw or dried for later use. When dried, pine nuts were pounded into a flour.
The McLaughlin Natural Reserve Web site states, "The appearance of hand-stones and milling slabs, 6,000 - 3,000 B.C. suggests a switch to seed resources as the climate became warmer and drier. The bowl mortar and pestle appeared in about 3,000 B.C, indicating that acorns had become a dominant food resource."
Wild grapes were another fall staple. Grapes grew along stream banks and in woods. Grapes could be consumed raw. The grape's vines produced a tough and useful cord for tying, for constructing baby basket hoops and also for the top edge of burden baskets.
To prepare the vines for use, first it was soaked with a concoction of water and hot ash, then the bark was removed which allowed the wood to be stripped into several strands.
Kathleen Scavone, M.A., is a retired educator, potter, writer and author of “Anderson Marsh State Historic Park: A Walking History, Prehistory, Flora, and Fauna Tour of a California State Park” and “Native Americans of Lake County.” She also writes for NASA and JPL as one of their “Solar System Ambassadors.” She was selected “Lake County Teacher of the Year, 1998-99” by the Lake County Office of Education, and chosen as one of 10 state finalists the same year by the California Department of Education.
LOWER LAKE, Calif. – Carlé would like to thank the wonderful Holly Austinson for stepping in in our time of need and holding down our secretarial job while doing her own job as well.
Student Jacob Walker designed a Beautiful mug for this wonderful lady.
Student of the week was awarded to Alvaro Duran for being a role model student who has his eyes set on returning to Lower Lake High at semester. He is the type of person who always does what he says he will do and follows through on his commitments.
The military test called ASVAB was administered at Carlé this week. Student Stacie Clemons said, “I’ve taken it three times over the years and it seems to get easier the more you take it. I enjoyed myself.”
Principal Koehler has invited students to help announce the morning bulletin. Three students have already been guests: Ray Bassett, Anna Pallett and Alex Parriott.
We would like to thank student Nick Begins for coming in each day and setting up our bulletin and running the board and the cameras with help from Destiny Parlett and Samantha Miller.
Carlé would like to thank Lower Lake High School’s Deb Weimelt for her help administering our reading tests. Thank you. The student-based enterprise made and awarded a unique mug to thank Ms. Weimelt for her help.
Brianna E. Legg is a student at Carlé Continuation High School in Lower Lake.
As a retired fire battalion chief and local fire board member, I’m proud to support Martin Scheel for Lake County supervisor in District 4.
I watched Martin’s active involvement during last year’s Valley fire. He was there on the scene during the earliest hours of the fire. Martin went above and beyond the call of duty to protect the safety of local residents and keep people out of harm’s way.
In August, Martin demonstrated his hands-on leadership approach once again by helping to expedite emergency response at a deadly senior housing fire in Lakeport.
The level of dedication that Martin Scheel has shown in emergency situations is what makes him the best choice for county supervisor. He’s been tested and has the experience to be an effective county supervisor from his very first day on the job.
Please join with me in supporting Martin Scheel for Lake County supervisor.
Jim Comisky is president of the South Lake County Fire District Board of Directors. He lives in Cobb, Calif.
When a NASA spacecraft made its first full orbit around Jupiter, a University of Iowa instrument on board recorded haunting sounds befitting the Halloween season.
The UI instrument was listening to Jupiter’s auroras, light shows similar to the northern and southern lights on Earth but on a vastly larger scale.
The radio emissions cast by Jupiter’s auroras were recorded by the UI instrument, called Waves, as the Juno spacecraft traveled about 2,600 miles above Jupiter’s swirling clouds. Those emission recordings were then converted into sound files by UI engineers.
The emissions from Jupiter were discovered in the 1950s but had never been analyzed from such a close vantage point, according to NASA.
“Jupiter is talking to us in a way only gas-giant worlds can,” said Bill Kurth, research scientist at the UI and co-investigator for Waves. “Waves detected the signature emissions of the energetic particles that generate the massive auroras that encircle Jupiter’s north pole. These emissions are the strongest in the solar system. Now we are going to try to figure out where the electrons that are generating them come from.”
UI Waves team members – Kurth, professor Don Gurnett, associate research scientist George Hospodarsky, and post-doctoral researcher Masafumi Imai – were attending a Juno scientific meeting in late August when data rolled in from Juno’s first close flyby of Jupiter, known as Perijove 1.
It was a big moment, the first up-close sampling of the auroras generated by the largest planet in our solar system.
“Most of the space missions I’ve been involved in, you go someplace for the first time...everyone has a preconceived notion of what you might detect,” Kurth said, “but the details are waiting to be discovered. The details are kind of like a puzzle, and when you begin to put these pieces together, the physics behind it, you understand better.”
The scientists want to learn how electrons and ions are accelerated along magnetic field lines above Jupiter to eventually collide with the atmosphere, creating the bursts of light that become the auroras.
To do that, the Waves instrument will sample plasma waves along different segments in the magnetic field lines with each of its orbits around Jupiter.
Kurth likened plasma to a stringed instrument. “If you pluck a string on a violin, the string vibrates,” he said. “The vibrating string is like the plasma itself; in the plasma it is the charged particles that are moving.”
Yet those radio waves can’t be heard. Instead, they need to be “downshifted” to the audio range, Kurth says, and then compressed to turn multiple hours of measurements into an abbreviated soundtrack that captures the greatest hits, so to speak. This translation is performed by UI senior engineering associate Don Kirchner.
“We like to listen to them. We figure if we like to listen to them, others will too,” Kurth said.
A camera aboard the spacecraft captured high-resolution views of the Jovian atmosphere and the first glimpse of Jupiter's north and south poles.
The Aug. 27 flyby was the closest the Juno spacecraft will get to Jupiter. Thirty-five more close flybys are planned during Juno’s mission, which is scheduled to end in February 2018.
The UI scientists can’t wait to learn what’s next from Waves’ next measurement, which will happen on Nov. 2.
“It just kind of whets our appetite for what to expect,” Kurth said.
Richard Lewis works for the University of Iowa.
SOUTH LAKE COUNTY, Calif. – Due to the heavy rain that's fallen so far on Saturday, forecasters are warning of the potential flooding in the Valley fire burn area, with rain to continue early into the new week.
The National Weather Service issued a small stream flood advisory for south central Lake County that's in effect until 10:45 p.m. Saturday.
Forecasters reported that at 4:40 p.m. Saturday Doppler radar indicated heavy rain that may cause small stream flooding over the Valley fire burn scar.
As a result, the National Weather Service reported that some locations may experience flooding, including Adams Springs, Anderson Springs, Cobb, Ettawa Springs, Forest Lake, Hidden Valley Lake, Hobergs, Loch Lomond, Lower Lake, Middletown, Seigler Springs and Whispering Pines.
Forecasters urge people to move away from recently burned areas if possible, as the heavy rains may trigger rock and mudslides, and debris flows in steep terrain, especially in and around these areas.
The California Highway Patrol reported flooding on Highway 175 in the area of Maple Shadows Drive in the Cobb area.
Rain data for the 24-hour period ending at 7:30 p.m. Saturday showed rainfall totals ranging from 0.60 inch in Upper Lake to 1.08 inch near Hidden Valley Lake and 1.69 inches in the Bear Canyon Road near Middletown.
The Lake County forecast calls for more rain plus high winds – with gusts of more than 30 miles per hour – Saturday night, with more rain and wind in the Sunday forecast and continuing through Monday.
Email Elizabeth Larson at
LAKEPORT, Calif. – Fall Fest 2016 will take place at Lakeport Christian Center on Saturday, Oct. 22, from 1 to 3 p.m.
The event is free and open to the public and features free food, games, crafts, cookie decorating, lemonade stand, jumpy house, puppet stories, face painting, clothing closet, photo booth and prizes, plus a visit from Lakeport Fire, CHP's “Chipper” and Elvis.
There also will be live contemporary and other music too. Friendly costumes are welcome.
Lakeport Christian Center is located at 455 S. Forbes St.
For more information call 707-263-4514 or visit www.lcchub.com .